This article is the first one of a serie devoted to the history of Argentina, beginning with the 16th century, starting point of the modern history this country. The Indian question will be the subject of another article.
To be located:
January 1492: In Spain the catch of Grenade puts an end to Reconquista.
October 1492: Colomb expedition touches the island of San Salvador
The beginning of the Argentinian adventure:
October 1515: Juan Diaz de Solis leaves with the intention to find a passage which can make it possible to pass from the Atlantic to the South Sea (name given then to the Pacific Ocean)
March 1516: The fleet of Solis enters Rio of Plata. This one is baptized Mar Dulce. As soon unloaded the expedition is massacred by the Indians who populate the area.
January 1520: Entry of the fleet of Magellan in the Mare Dulce .
November 1520: Discovery of the Channel of Todos los Santos, future Magellan Strait, and entry of the fleet into the Pacific Ocean where it continues its mission.
1527: Arrival of Sebastien Cabot, Italian sailor with the service of the Spanish Crown, in Mare Dulce. The expedition of Cabot finds a survivor of expedition Solis, Francisco del Puerto. By its tells, this one given birth to the legend from the gold and money which would be in the mountains beyond Parana, thus poking the covetousness of many adventurers of Spain and Portugal.
Cabot expedition then goes up Parana to its confluence with Carcarana. In this place, it builds the Fort of Sancti Spiritus.
It goes on to current Paraguay at level of the Pilcomayo river. The myth of the Sierra of Plata (silver mountains) and of the City of Cesars becomes phenomenal extensive in Europe. The fort of Sancti Spiritus is attacked. After having folded up itself, the expedition returns to Spain.
A small group led by one of the members of the expedition Cabot, Francisco Cesar continues exploration until the current sites of Cordoba and of San Luis
1536: Arrival of the fleet of Pedro de Mendoza in Mare Dulce, sent by the Emperor Charles Quint. Unloading at level of the mouth of Riachuelo, the expedition builds Santa Maria de Los Buenos Aires.
In prey with the famine, Mendoza expedition is supplied by the fleet of Don Juan de Ayolas which carries on its road by going up Parana with the research of the Silver Mountains.
1537: Mendoza, ill, turn over to Spain and die during the voyage. During this time, the expedition of Ayolas disappears in the current area from Chaco.
1542: Don Diego de Rojas explores the mountainous zone of the North-West of Argentina. Started from Cuzco (Peru), it skirts the lake Titicaca, enters Calchaquies to current Santiago del Estero. It dies struck by a poisoned arrow.
1543: Sent by the King of Spain to replace Mendoza, Cabeza de Vaca chooses not to enter Rio of Plata, but to prefer an unloading on the coasts of current Brasil. Having for final objective to join Asuncion, he discovers during his tour the falls of Iguazu.
1544: Arrived at destination, Cabeza de Vaca wants to make free workers Indians employed by the colonists.He runs up against the local conquistadores. Imprisoned, it is replaced by Martinez de Irala.
1553: Francisco de Aguirre enters the borough of El Barco, decides to move it close to current Tucuman and to rename it Santiago del Estero.
1562: Pedro del Castillo establishes in Cuyo, the town of Mendoza. In this area, Indians and colonists will live in good agreement.
1565: Aguirre charges its nephew, Diego de Villarroel of the foundation of another city: San Miguel de Tucuman.
1573: Luis de Cabrera makes raise the first houses of Cordoba, stage city between Tucuman and the ocean.
1573: Juan de Garay, on the request of the Governor Martin Suarez de Tolede, builds the first bases of the town of Santa Fe on the edges of Parana.
1580: Garay decides to found another city at the place or Mendoza had established the harbour of Buenos Aires. It calls it Trinidad, and its port, Puerto de Santa Maria of Buenos Aires. This event marks the refondation of Buenos Aires.
Ref. : "Le Guide de l'Argentine" de Graciela Cutuli and Pierre Dumas, ed. La Manufacture
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